Are Physicians Required to Tell Patient About Their Condition Even if the Family Does Not Want
Тексты
Hospitals and other Medical Services
Polyclinics
Vocabulary list
state - государство
found – устанавливать, учреждать
wide - широкий
network - сеть
institution - учреждение
protect - защищать
health- здоровье
fall ill - заболеть
ring up - звонить
local -местный
call in a doc – вызвать врача
status - состояние
physician - врач
examine – осматривать, обследовать
include - включать
medical examination – мед. осмотр
mutter of – жаловаться на
according to- согласно
complaint - жалоба
acquit on - продолжать
listen to - слушать
centre - сердце
lung - легкое
mensurate – мера, измерять
blood - кровь
force per unit area - давление
necessary - необходимый
have the temperature – измерять температуру
laboratory findings – лабораторные исследования
blood analysis – анализ крови
urine - моча
urine analysis – анализ мочи
make a right diagnosis – поставить правильный диагноз
administrate a proper treatment – назначить соответствующее лечение
in addition – в дополнение
ill - больной
sick - больной
sick - go out – отпуск по болезни
follow a bed regimen – соблюдать постельный режим
definite number – определенное количество
fill in - заполнять
administrations - назначения
changes - изменения
carry out - выполнять
The state has established a wide network (сеть) of medical institutions to protect the wellness of people. 1 of such medical institutions is the polyclinic.
If a person falls ill he will band up his local polyclinic and phone call in a md. When his condition isn't very poor and he has no high temperature he will go to the local polyclinic and a physician will examine him in that location.
Many specialists including therapeutists, neurologists, surgeons and others work at the polyclinic. During the medical examination a physician ordinarily asks the patient what he complains of and co-ordinate to the complaints carries on the medical examination. The physician listens to the patient'southward heart and lungs and measures his blood pressure and if necessary asks the patient to take the
temperature. The laboratory findings which include claret analysis, the analysis of urine (urinalysis) and other tests aid the physician to make a right diagnosis and administrate a proper treatment.
In addition to their consulting hours at the polyclinic local physicians go out to the calls to examine those patients who are seriously ill and whose condition is bad. Such sick persons receive a sick-leave. They unremarkably follow a bed regimen.
Any physician of the polyclinic knows his patients very well because he treats only a definite number of patients. At the local polyclinic every patient has a personal patient'south menu which is filled in by his physician. Everything about the patient - the diagnosis of the disease, the administrations made by the doctor, the course of the disease, the changes in the patient'southward status after the treatment are written downwards in the card.
If it is necessary a nurse will come to the patient's house to give him the administered injections or carry out any of the doctor'southward administrations.
Exercises
1. Закончите следующие предложения, выбирая подходящий по смыслу вариант:
1. A therapeutist is ... (a) a person who treats the diseases of the inner organs; 6) a person who investigates the life of microorganisms)
2. A neurologist is... (a) a physician who treats ear, nose and throat diseases; 6) a doctor who treats the diseases of the nervous arrangement)
3. A physician is ... (a) a person who protects and restores the health of people; six) a person who investigates the life of plants)
two. Найдите английские эквиваленты в тексте
вызвать врача,поставить правильный диагноз,
назначить соответствующее лечение,
получить больничный лист,
сделать инъекцию,
измерить температуру,
пойти на вызов
iii. Read the passages and answer the questions:
i. Patient Smirnov defenseless a common cold and had a very high temperature.
He complained of a general weakness and a bad headache. He was not able even to sit down upwardly. He was seriously ill.
2. Patient Belov looked sick and was pale. He had no high temperature. His ambition was poor. He complained of the hurting in the left portion of the stomach.
4. Кто из них сможет прийти в поликлинику сам?
one. When my younger brother was playing in the garden he fell downwardly. He
impaired his right upper extremity. At that place was a deep wound on the lateral
surface. He developed a bad pain in the joints and could not move his hand.
five. Translate into Russian:
1. The doctor asked the nurse to requite him the patient'southward card. 2. Yous must give upwardly smoking, you have a lung trouble. three.i had to give in considering I was not correct.
Work of an In-patient Section
Vocabulary list
A nurse on duty – дежурная сестра
To exist hospitalized – быть госпитализированным
The direction - направление
Case history – история болезни
Intramuscular – внутримышечный
Intravenous - внутримышечный
To have tum juice for analysis – взять желудочный сок на анализ
Unfavorable reaction – неблагоприятная реакция
Overdosage – передозировка
A drug cabinet – шкафчик для лекарств
To administer procedures – назначит процедуры
Gastric juice – желудочный сок
Unfavorable result – нежелательный результат
In case – в случае
To forbid – предотвратить
Hearty attitude of the doctors – сердечное отношение врачей
Recovery - выздоровление
Special labels – специальные этикетки
Laboratory analysis – лабораторные анализы
When patients are admitted to the hospital first of all they are received past a nurse on duty' at the reception ward.
Those patients who are to be hospitalized have already received the direction from the polyclinic. The nurse on duty fills in patients' case histories in which she writes downward their names, age, place of work, occupation, address and the initial diagnosis made by a doctor at the polyclinic.
So a doctor on duty examines the hospitalized patients and gives his instructions what section and wards the patients are to be admitted to.
At the in-patient departments of a infirmary life begins early in the morning. The nurses on duty take the patients' temperature, give them intramuscular and intravenous injections, take tummy juice for analysis, use cups and give all the prescribed remedies in the doses indicated past the ward doctors.
The nurses proceed all the drugs in special drug cabinets.2 AH the drugs take special labels (этикетки). The names of drugs are indicated on them. Patients are not allowed to take the medicines themselves because some drugs are poisonous. The overdosage of some other drugs may crusade unfavorable reactions and even death. At about nine o'clock in the morning the doctors begin the daily rounds of the wards during which they examine all the patients. After the medical examination the doctors administer the patient's different procedures: electrocardiograms are taken, laboratory analyses of blood, urine and gastric juice are made. Some
patients are administered a bed regimen, others are immune to walk; some are to follow a diet to relieve stomachache or forbid unfavorable results in case of tum troubles. All the doctors e'er treat the patients with great attention and care. At that place is no doubt that such a hearty attitude of the doctors to the patients helps much in their recovery.
ane. a nurse (a doctor) on duty - дежурная сестра (дежурный врач); to exist on duty -дежурить, быть дежурным
2. a drug chiffonier - шкаф для лекарства, аптечный шкаф
Questions
i. Who will see you lot when y'all are start admitted to the infirmary?
2. What document does a person need to be hospitalized?
3. What is case history?
four. What does information technology hateful "to live hospital life"?
5. Are their any rules of taking drugs by a patient?
vi. What is kept in drug cabinets?
vii. At what time does a dr. begin the daily round?
Exercises
1. Use the agile vocabulary of the lesson instead of the post-obit:
1. To suggest and order the patient some medicine; two. To produce; 3. To put cups; 4. A definite corporeality of the drug; 5. To end the spread of inflammation; 6.A toxic medicine; seven. to make the pain less; viii. To be allowed and used
2. Cull the sentences corresponding to Text B:
- a) At the in-patient department the nurses give the patients intramuscular and intravenous injections; b) At the in-patient department the ward doctors give the patients intramuscular and intravenous injections.
- a) Some patients are to follow a diet to decrease weight; b) Some patients are to follow a diet to relieve stomachache.
a) The overdosage of some drugs may crusade a consider
3. Read the passages and answer the questions:
1. Patient Ivanov was treated at the hospital. His temperature was taken
every morning. He was given the prescribed medicine and the intramuscular
injection of vitamin B6. Who carried out the administrations?
2. My sister has a high temperature. Her blood analysis shows a considerable
increase of the white blood cell count. Her first and second heart sounds are
greatly decreased. Her electrocardiogram shows aberrant findings. Where must
she be treated ?
iv. Make up the sentences respective to the Russian ones, out of
the words given in brackets:
1. Ядовитые лекарства могут вызывать неблагоприятные реакции, (reactions, poisonous, drugs, unfavorable, cause, may) two. Названия лекарств указываются на этикетках, (on, the, of, names, medicines, the, labels, are,
2. My father complained of a bad hurting in the left side in the chest. He breathed heavily and became pale. The increase of the chest hurting was associated with physical exertion. He had to follow a bed regimen.
indicated)
3. Назначенное лекарство не снимало боль в загрудинной области, (in, surface area, the, administered, the, drug, failed, substantial, pain, to relieve, the)
Sanatoriums
Vocabulary listing
To provide – обеспечить
Preventive treatment – профилактическое лечение
Rest home – дом отдыха
On the banking company –на берегу
Oxygen therapy – кислородная терапия
The incidence of disease – частота заболеваний
To undergo - подвергать
Free of charge - бесплатный
Insignificant sum – незначительная сумма
Per cent - процент
Russians are provided with many sanatoriums and rest homes where they tin can restore their health and receive preventive handling.
One of such preventive-treatment sanatoriums is on the banks of the Angora, i of the biggest Siberian Rivers. Every yr it serves non less than three,000 patients. Besides the general treatment, the medical centre at this sanatorium makes apply of oxygen therapy and electric sleep therapy. The effectiveness of this medical institution is seen from the fact that the incidence of diseases amid those who accept undergone a course of treatment hither is reduced by about 50 per cent.
At nowadays there are most two,000 such preventive-treatment sanatoriums in our country. Every year they care for over a million Soviet citizens, and their number volition considerably increase in the near future.
Twenty per cent of the people who come here for a course of treatment of 24 day's elapsing receive information technology costless of charge; others pay an insignificant sum, the rest of the cost beingness provided past Trade Unions. Almost of such preventive-treatment sanatoriums are endemic by different factories and plants. They are very popular with workers in all parts of our country.
Questions
ane. What tin you lot receive using the service of the sanatoriums?
ii. What preventive – handling sanatoriums do y'all know?
three. What procedures can you lot use in the sanatoriums?
4. Is it effective to use such medical institution as sanatoriums?
5. What can you say about the payment in such institution?
HOSPITALS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
Operating rooms were usually in separate buildings then that the other patients in the hospital could not hear the screams of the unhappy patient who was strapped to
the operating table Because of the terrible pain, the surgeon had to operate as quickly as possible.
The operating tables were piffling better than kitchen tables. Nether these tables was placed a tub of sand to catch the blood from the performance. The instruments were often not fifty-fifty washed. At the end of each operation they were put into a drawer set for the next 1. The surgeon set to work in the clothes he wore every day.
A story is told of a neat surgeon who was sent to perform an performance on King George IV. When he paid his second visit to the King he noticed that the King looked at him with disgust. The neat surgeon went to see the rex just after an operation, and both his hands and his shirt were stained with claret! His Majesty was non very pleased to see this...
Oft a barber performed the operation instead of a surgeon.
The surgeons were not indifferent or devil-may-care. They had simply no understanding at all of the bad effects of dirt. They were very sorry that their patients died and so often but they did not connect this with dirt.
Indeed well-nigh one-half the people died from blood poisoning after operations. A day or two after the performance the wound became blood-red and inflamed the patient had temperature and ofttimes died.
Mutual SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of Illness
How do people know they are ill? Often they take symptoms such as pain, nausea, sore throat, lack of ambition, fatigue, or fever. Yet, a disease may be nowadays without person knowing information technology. Sometimes a illness is discovered during a routine health examination.
Illnesses, that tin can be passed forth past an infected person to a well person either directly or indirectly are called infectious or infectious disease.
In early 1900s infectious diseases were withal a serious public health problem. Today as a result of improved hygiene and living conditions, new drugs, new kinds of medical treatment, and the widespread apply of vaccines, the pic has inverse. Many diseases such every bit malaria, yellow fever, cherry fever, small pox, and diphtheria take been nigh wiped out. However, some of these diseases and others pose problems in certain areas of the world.
The cold is the nigh mutual catching illness. So far, scientists have identified more than 100 different viruses capable of causing cold symptoms. For this reason, no vaccine exists to immunize against colds.
Some diseases are non caused past disease-producing microorganisms. These diseases cannot be passed from person to person. No immunity can exist produced for this disease. They are chosen no communicable. Amid them are most diseases of the heart, allergy and a lot of others.
Notes: There are several nouns referring to poor health:
Illness — more formal, imply a longer lasting episode of poor wellness,
sickness — more than general, sometimes refers to nausea alone;
mental disturbance;
disease — more often imply infectious diseases;
disorder — malfunction of some pail of a torso;
malady — more formal synonym for disease;
tissues — ткани ;
fatigue (tired) — a painful reduction of force,
communicable hygiene - гигиена
vaccine (due north) vaccinate (v) – вакцина , вакцинировать
viruses - вирусы
immunity (n) — rubber, security from illness; иммунитет
immunize (5) — exemption from disease.
Questions
1. How practise diseases vary according to the difficulty in getting over them?
ii. What helps promote health?
3. When does illness occur?
iv. How is illness discovered?
5. What are infectious diseases?
6. Is there any vaccine against the cold?
7. What are no communicable diseases?
8. Why no immunity can be produced for these diseases?
Exercises
1. Imagine, you're a doctor. Try to diagnose these illnesses.
1. Common symptoms: weakness, fever, sore throat, and "puffiness" to the cheek(s). The swelling may extend from the cheeks to under the angle of the jaw.
ii. This common childhood illness has its highest incidence in the jump. One has fever, malaise, headache, and sore throat. These symptoms will give way to a rash (pink, circular spots) that starts on the face up and spreads to the body, arms, and legs. Duration of the rash is typically 1-iii days.
iii. Common symptoms in adults include: fever, chills, runny nose, sore throat, swollen glands, frontal headache, muscle and trunk aches, articulation pains, dry cough,, chest pains with coughing, and weakness.
4. The common presentation is abdominal pain with fever, loss of ambition, and nausea. Within hours (vi-8 hours) the pain localizes to the correct lower quadrant of the abdomen.
5. Common symptoms include productive cough, fever, and chills. Shortness of breath is seen in more severe cases, animate OUT is more than hard than animate IN. The deed of breathing OUT may be accompanied past a musical wheeze.
half dozen. This infection will commonly starting time as an upper respiratory infection with symptoms of runny nose, fever, and sore throat. A cough may be present, but it is usually dry out and nonproductive. Eventually a rash erupts, first on the face or trunk finally spreading to the limbs. The rash starts as reddish spots that subsequently turn to blistery bumps (vesicles). The rash will eventually chaff over, scab, and only rarely cause scarring. This procedure may take 7-14 days.
7. It is generally a 3-seven days illness (often seasonal) that results in congestion, runny nose, sneezing, watery eyes, sore throat and dry cough. At that place may be an associated depression grade fever.
2. Read, translate and render the dialogues in indirect speech.
A.
- What's the matter with your arm, Ann? Why is information technology in a sling?
- I was careless while boiling the milk this morning and scalded it. I didn't know what to do, so I ran to the polyclinic, and the nurse in that location put some ointment on it and bandaged it. It is much amend at present, and I think information technology won't blister.
B.
- Why are yous limping, John? What is the thing?
- I was playing football yesterday and sprained my ankle. It hurts badly. I can hardly walk, as yous see.
- You mustn't walk at all. Lie downward and put a compress on your ankle. That's the all-time remedy. Call the doctor and he will requite you a sick-leave for a few days.
C.
- What is the thing with you, my male child?
- Something is wrong with my knee joint. It hurts.
- Let me have a expect at information technology... It'due south a splinter. You take come just in time to avert an infection and an abscess.
3. Dialogue betwixt a Female parent (M), her Son (S) and the Doctor (D).
M: Your nose is clogged upwards, your vocalization is hoarse and your face flushed. You must take a cold. I'one thousand sure. I hope information technology's zero more. Where did you manage to get it?
Due south : I don't know myself. I must accept caught cold concluding night afterward a game of football when I felt and so hot that I even took my jacket off.
M: How thoughtless (careless) of y'all, the evening was chilly and windy. Now you'll have to stay in. Here'southward the thermometer, take your temperature.
S: Oh, I'll be all right in a few hours.
M: Now, you do what yous are told. Put the thermometer under your arm (in the armpit)... Oh, information technology's 30 eight point iii. You'll have to stay away from classes today. I'll call the medico (I'll have the dr. in). (She phones to the local out-patient hospital and is told that the dr. will call while making his daily round of the district).
D: What do you complain of, my boy?
S: I take a bad (splitting) headache and a sore throat. I feel sort of feverish.
D: Permit me feel your pulse. Open your oral fissure, please. I meet your natural language is coated and your throat inflamed. At present, strip to the waist, please. (The doctor sounds the boy's lungs.) Take a deep breath... (To the mother.) Your son is to keep his bed for three days. Here is the prescription. The medicine is to be taken three times a day before meals, two tablespoonfuls each fourth dimension. Information technology will help to keep the fever down. (To the son.) Blow your olfactory organ gently, young human, or else you'll have an earache... Nothing serious, simply don't get upwardly before Wednesday, every bit there might exist complications (bad later on-furnishings).
Notes:
cough - 1.an human action or a sound of coughing 2. an illness or infection that makes yous cough frequently
headache - a continuous pain in the head
vomit - nutrient from the tum back out through mouth
hurting - the feeling that y'all have in your body when y'all have been hurt or when you lot are ill
nausea - the feeling that you have when you want to vomit
sore through - if a role of your torso is sore, it is painful, and often ruddy, peculiarly considering a muscle has been used likewise much.
fatigue - a feeling of existence extremely tired, usually because of hard work or practise physical and mental fatigue.
fever - a medical condition in which a person has a temperature that is college than normal .
Text B
Fever
Fever is the rise of the torso temperature in a higher place normal. the symptoms of loftier temperature are headache, aches all over the body, red face, and hot dry peel, loss of appetite, quick pulse and breathing.
If a person has fever he must stay in bed and beverage plenty of water. The nurse must keep the patient warm. The nurse must give him more blankets and hot drinks. When the patient is sweating supervene upon the damp bed-clothes equally quickly as possible (как можно быстрее) and clothes the patient in a make clean warm bed gown (ночная рубашка) or pajamas. When the temperature is normal the patient may sit in bed and then have a short walk.
- fever – жар, лихорадка
- rise – подъем
- to supplant – ставить или класть на место, сменять
- damp – влажный
- bed-clothes – постельное бельё
e xercises
1. Translate the texts:
1. The child has a loftier temperature. He wants to sleep. His pharynx is sore; he can hardly eat at all. The tonsils are carmine and swollen. This is a typical case of acute tonsillitis in a child. The medico prescribes a treatment that is constructive and the patient gets ameliorate very before long.
two. Comrade К. is a 36-year old teacher. He came to the doctor because of a persistentane headache. His BP was two hundred over one hundred. The doc diagnosed arterial spasm. Lungs were articulate. Liver is not palpable.
2. Исправьте следующие предложения, если они неверны по смыслу.
Образец : Fever is the autumn of the body temperature below normal.
This is wrong. Fever is non the fall of the trunk temperature beneath normal. Fever is the rise of the body temperature above normal.
| The symptoms of loftier temperature are: a pale confront, tiresome pulse and a expert ambition. | |
| A feverish person must go for a walk. | |
| During the fever the patient needs warmth (тепло). | |
| A nurse must not replace clammy bed-apparel when patient is sweating. | |
| When the temperature is downwards to normal the patient must lie in bed. |
3. Расскажите по-английски, какие симптомы появляются У больного при высокой температуре.
four. Выпишите из текста и расскажите по-английски, как надо поступать с больным, у которого высокая температура .
HEADACHE
to occur - иметь место, встречаться
mutual - обыкновенный, простой
eye strain - усталость глаз (напряжение зрения)
hunger - голод
to back-trail - сопровождать
mumps - свинка
malaria - малярия
measles - корь
brain tumor - опухоль мозга
Headache is a symptom of many diseases. It may occur with common cold, fever, heart strain or hunger. It may accompany mumps, malaria, measles and many other infections. But if astringent headache persists you should consult a doc. Frequent and persistent headache may sometimes be a symptom of encephalon tumour.
Exercises
1. Переведите на английский язык:
| симптом многих болезней | |
| обычная простуда | |
| может сопровождать | |
| сильная головная боль | |
| советоваться с врачом | |
| частая и постоянная головная боль | |
| опухоль мозга |
ii. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
| |
| 2. Does information technology accompany measles and malaria? | |
| 3. What is a symptom of brain tumor? |
Blood PRESSURE
1. pressure - давление
ii. to check the BP – измерять кровяное давление
iii. hypertension - повышенное кровяное давление
4. heartache – боль в сердце
5. hypotensive – относящийся к пониженному кровяному давлению
6. to frighten – пугать
7. hypertensive – относящийся к повышенному кровяному давлению
8. hypotension – пониженное кровяное давление
ix. anemia – анемия, малокровие
10.disease – болезнь
The blood pressure1 (BP) is the pressure of the blood in the arterial wall.
The blood pressure level can be normal, loftier and depression. The normal BP is between 110-140 (the systolic pressure) over 70-xc (the diastolic force per unit area).
When yous cheque the patient'south BP2 you must retrieve of his (or her) age. If a person of xx has a blood pressure of 140-150 it is dangerous. And the nurse must immediately have intendance of such a patient. But if the same BP has a person of fifty information technology is not dangerous.
If a patient has hypertension, 3 he may often complain of headaches, nosebleed, heartaches.iv The doc prescribes him hypotensive5 drugs. High blood pressure often frightensvi the patient. The nurse must at-home him. Hypertensiveseven patients must not work difficult.
Hypotension8 or low BP is caused by unlike conditions. Anaemia9 may exist a cause of hypotension. Great fatigue may besides cause hypotension. In all cases it is a very serious disease and the nurse must be very circumspect to the patient.
Exercises
I. Answer the questions.
1. What is blood pressure level? two. What kinds of blood pressure do y'all know? 3. What must you know when you check the patient'southward BP? four. What does a hypertensive patient often complain of? 5. What does the dr. prescribe the hypertensive patient?
П. Напишите графический диктант по теме " Blood Р r е ssure ":
The blood pressure tin be high, low and normal. High claret pressure never frightens patients. The nurse must no' calm a patient with high blood pressure level. Patients with loftier BP can work hard. Low BP is not a serious affliction. The nurse must be very attentive to the patients with high BP.
A Day'southward Wait
by Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) — American author, Nobel Prize Winner
He came into the room to shut the windows while we were withal in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face up was white, and he walked slowly equally though information technology ached to move.
- What's the matter with you , Schatz?
- I've got a headache
- You will go to bed. Won't y'all ?
- No. I'm all correct.
- You must go to bed.
But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my manus on his brow I knew he had a fever.
«You get up to bed,» I said, «you're sick.»
«I'am all correct» he said.
When the doctor came he took the boy's temperature.
«What is it ?» I asked him.
«1 hundred and two.»
Downstairs, the doctor left 3 unlike medicines in different colored capsules with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another purgative, the 3rd to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza tin only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nix to worry about if the fever did not go in a higher place one hundred and iv degrees. This was a light epidemic of flu and there was no danger if you lot avoided pneumonia.
Back in the room I wrote the boy's temperature down and made a note of the time to requite the diverse capsules.
«Do you want me to read to you?»
«All right. If you want to,» said the boy
. His face was very white and there were nighttime areas under his eyes. He lay all the same in the bed and seemed very discrete from what was going on.
I read aloud from Howard Pyle's «Book of Pirates» but I could encounter he was not post-obit what I was reading.
«How do y'all feel, Schatz?» I asked him.
«Almost what time do you think I'm going to die?» he asked.
«What?»
« About how long will information technology be before I die?"
«You aren't going to die. What'southward the thing with you?»
«Oh, yeah, I am. I heard him say a hundred and ii.»
« People don't dice with a fever of one hundred and ii. That's a featherbrained way to talk».
« I know they do. At school in France the boys told me you tin can't live with forty-four degrees. I've got a hundred and 2. »
«You poor Schatz,» I said. «Poor old Schatz. Information technology's similar miles and kilometres. Y'all aren't going to die. That'south a different' thermometer. On that thermometer xxx-seven is normal. On this kind it's xc-8.»
«Are you sure?»
«Absolutely,»I said. «It's like miles and kilometers we make when nosotros do 70 miles in the car?»
«Oh,» he said.
The next day he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.
Exercises
1. Put the following sentences into the right order and so as to make a chronological summary of the text.
- 1. He suddenly noticed a change on the male child'south face up.
- two. Although he suffered from a slight common cold, a immature boy refused to stay in bed.
- iii. A doctor was called for.
- 4. He told him that there was actually nothing to worry nigh.
- 5. Hearing near this 102 degrees of temperature, he was sure he would dice shortly.
- 6. The begetter then offered his child to read stories to him.
- 7. Equally a thing-of-fact he had heard in French republic that people couldn't live with a temperature exceeding 43.
- 8. The begetter understood that his son was obsessed by the idea of his coming death.
- 9. The problem was the male child didn't know that there were 2 kinds of thermometers.
2. Right or Incorrect? Justify by quoting from the text.
1. The doctor feared that Schatz's condition might go very serious.
2. Afterward the doctor's visit, the boy felt a little reassured.
3. His father managed quite easily to comfort him.
4. The male child is non convinced by his father's arguments.
3. Cull the right answer and justify past quoting from the text.
1. The father:
a) is furious with Schatz;
b) doesn't believe Schatz;
c) feels worried well-nigh Schatz.
ii. At the beginning Schatz wants:
a) to stay up;
b) to go for a walk;
c) his father to take his temperature.
3. Schats wasn't interested in the story his father read to him because:
a) his temperature was too high and he was too ill;
b) his listen was deep in other thoughts;
c) he'd read information technology before.
Notes from the History of Anatomy
Anatomy is an independent scientific discipline dates from the 16th century. Its founder was Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) ho dissected numerous human corpses and studied the structure of the homo trunk. He summarized his studies in the outstanding scientific work "The construction of the human body".
Great advances in all branches of medicine, including anatomy and physiology, were made in the nineteenthursday Century. Many Russian scientists worked in the field of beefcake and physiology and made a bang-up contribution to these sciences. P.A. Zagorsky (1764-1846), professor of Anatomy and Physiology studied the vascular organization and wrote a textbook on anatomy. His pupils were the first Russian anatomists. The brilliant Russian scientists N.I. Pirogov (1810-1881) studied surgery, beefcake and other branches of medicine. His works demonstrated the importance of anatomy to applied medicine, particularly surgery.
To date - датироваться;
Founder – основоположник;
To dissect – вскрывать;
Corpse – труп;
Accelerate – продвижение;
Contribution- вклад;
1. Прочитайте текст и выберите правильные ответы на вопросы.
ane. What was the championship of the book written by A. Vesalius?
- Anatomy;
- the Structure of the Homo Body.
2. Who wrote the first Russian textbook on Anatomy?
- Zagorsky;
- Pirogov.
three. What medical science did Due north.I. Pirogov study?
- surgery;
- physiology;
- pharmacology.
2. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя информацию из текста:
| Вопросы | Ответы |
| 1. When did anatomy arise every bit an independent science? | |
| 2. What Russian scientists fabricated a neat contribution to these sciences? | |
| 3. When were great advances in anatomy and physiology fabricated? | |
| 4. Who founded this scientific discipline? |
Surgical instruments
Vocabulary list
surgical instruments – хирургические инструменты
titanium - хим . титан
chromium - хим . хром; chromium plated хромированный
vanadium - хим . ванадий
molybdenum - хим . молибден
facilitate - облегчать; помогать; способствовать;
electronic or computerized components – электронные и компьютеризированные детали
on-the-chore training – тренинг (обучение, стажировка)
orderlies - санитар
aides - помощник
maintained - поддерживать; удерживать; сохранять;
hardening - твердеть, застывать
promptly rinsed – сразу (тщательно) промывать
ultrasonic cleaning - ультразвуковая чистка
transmission cleaning– ручная чистка
staff members – члены хир.бригады
protective gloves – защитные перчатки
waterproof aprons - водонепроницаемый передник, фартук
face up shield – маска для лица
retained instruments - удерживающие инструменты
improper apply – неправильное использование
transmitting infection – передающаяся инфекция
to contribute to smth - содействовать, способствовать
Implements - 1) орудие; инструмент, прибор 2) pl принадлежности,
cutting - резание, разрезание
grinding - разламывание
dissecting - вскрывание,
clamping –зажимание
grasping and holding – сжимание и удерживание
probing - зондирование
dilating - расширение
retracting - втягивание
suctioning - всасывание
forceps - хирургические щипцы; пинцет
bile duct – желчный проток
fistulas - фистула, свищ
urethra - мочеиспускательный канал, уретра
cervical - 1) затылочный, шейный; cervical vertebrae шейные позвонки
2) маточный
misuse of surgical instruments неправильное использование
Surgical instruments are tools or devices that perform such functions as cutting, dissecting, grasping, holding, retracting, or suturing. Most surgical instruments are made from stainless steel. Other metals, such as titanium, chromium, vanadium, and molybdenum, are also used.
Purpose. Surgical instruments facilitate a multifariousness of procedures and operations. Specialized surgical packs comprise the most common instruments needed for particular surgeries.
Surgical instruments are used in all hospitals, outpatient facilities, and most professional person offices. Instrument users include surgeons, dentists, physicians, and many other wellness care providers. Millions of new and replacement instruments are sold each yr. Many surgical instruments now have electronic or computerized components.
Preparation. Instruction in the employ and care of surgical instruments may range from the medical training required past physicians and dentists to on-the-job training for orderlies and aides.
Surgical instruments are prepared for use according to strict institutional and professional protocols. Instruments are maintained and sterilized prior to use.
Surgical instruments must exist kept clean during a process. This is accomplished by carefully wiping them with a moist sponge and rinsing them frequently in sterile water. Periodic cleaning during the procedure prevents blood and other tissues from hardening and becoming trapped on the surface of an instrument.
Instruments must be promptly rinsed and thoroughly cleaned and sterilized after a procedure. Ultrasonic cleaning and automatic washing often follow the transmission cleaning of instruments. The manufacturer's instructions must exist followed for each blazon of auto. Staff members responsible for cleaning instruments should wearable protective gloves, waterproof aprons, and face shields to protect themselves and maintain musical instrument sterility.
Aftercare. Observation of the patient after surgical or dental procedures provides the all-time indication that correct instrument handling and aseptic technique was followed during surgery. After an operation or dental procedure, individuals should testify no testify of the following:
- retained instruments or sponges
- infection at the site of the incision or operation
Risks. Risks associated with surgical instruments include improper use or technique by an operator, leaving an musical instrument inside a person afterward an functioning, and transmitting infection or disease due to improper cleaning and sterilization techniques. Improperly cleaned or sterilized instruments may contribute to postoperative infections or bloodshed. Improper use of surgical instruments may contribute to postoperative complications.
Description of surgical instruments
Basic categories of surgical instruments include specialized implements for the following functions:
- cutting, grinding, and dissecting
- clamping
- grasping and belongings
- probing
- dilating or enlarging
- retracting
- suctioning
Scissors are an example of cutting instruments. Dissecting instruments are used to cutting or dissever tissue. Dissectors may exist sharp or blunt. One example of a sharp dissector is a scalpel. Examples of blunt dissectors include the back of a knife handle, curettes, and elevators. Clamps, tenacula, and forceps are grasping and holding instruments. Probing instruments are used to enter natural openings, such equally the common bile duct, or fistulas. Dilating instruments aggrandize the size of an opening, such equally the urethra or cervical. Retractors assist in the visualization of the operative field while preventing trauma to other tissues. Suction devices remove blood and other fluids from a surgical or dental operative field.
Sharps and related items should be counted four times: prior to the start of the procedure; before closure of a cavity within a cavity; earlier wound closure begins; and at skin closure or the end of the process. Instruments, sharps, and sponges should be counted during all procedures in which there is a possibility of leaving an item within a patient.
The misuse of surgical instruments often causes alignment problems. Instruments should always be inspected before, during, and later surgical or dental procedures. Inspection is an ongoing procedure that must be carried out by all members of a surgical team.
Exercises
one. Переведите следующие словосочетания и слова и выучите их наизусть:
one. cutting instrument;
2. dissecting instruments;
three. sharp dissector;
4. edgeless dissector;
five. grasping and holding musical instrument;
half dozen. probing instrument;
7. dilating instrument;
eight. retractor;
9. surgical or dental procedures;
10. surgical team.
The History of nursing in Russian federation.
N.I. Pirogov
Vocabulary listing
| 1. to perfect sum in smith. two. scientific surgery 3. gimmicky 4. anatomist 5. surgeon 6. dedicate 7. scientific endeavors 8. subordinating 9. swell goal 10. to urge 11. unselfishly 12. alleviate physical suffering 13. wounded 14. limb sixteen. starched bandages 17. fracture xviii. under vanquish fire 19. resection of joints 20. hasty amputations 21. extensive use of anesthesia 22. painless 23. ether 24. henceforth 25. indispensable 26. hygienic measures 27. to treat patients 28. to embalmed 29. burying vault 30. to proper noun after 31. treatise 32. enlighten earth 33. mammary gland 34. indisputable value 35. indispensable | - специализироваться в чем-либо - научная хирургия - современник - анатом - хирург - посвятить - научные изыскания - подчиняя - великая цель - убеждать - бескорыстно - облегчать физ. страдания - раненый - конечность - гипс - повязки, пропитанные крахмалом - перелом - под открытым огнем - резекция суставов - поспешные ампутации - обширное применение анестезии - безболезненный - эфир - с этих пор, отныне - необходимый - гигиенические мероприятия - лечить больных - бальзамировать - склеп - назвать в честь кого-либо - трактат, научный труд - посвященный мир - молочная железа - неоспоримое знание - совершенно необходимый |
Due north.I. Pirogov was born in 1810 in the village "Vishnya." Ever since he was a child he had a passion to exist a doctor. Pirogov's childhood passed in the time of Pushkin and Decembrists. At the historic period of xiv he entered Moscow Academy, medical kinesthesia. He perfected himself in surgery. Shortly he became a well – known scientist. At the age of xix, he wrote a treatise and was awarded by the gold medal. At the age of 26, he became a professor of surgery. N.L. Pirogov, the founder of scientific surgery, was a gimmicky of the nearly advanced men of the time: Belinsky, Chernyshevsky, Dobrolubov.
Pirogov is a neat anatomist, surgeon and thinker. He dedicated all his activities, all his scientific endeavours to the people, subordinating all his efforts to the keen goal. Pirogov urged his pupils to serve humanity honestly and unselfishly by working to protect life and alleviate physical suffering.
Pirogov took office in four wars and ten thousands of wounded passed through his easily.
Searching for ways to save wounded limbs, Pirogov arrived at the idea of the rigid plaster bandage. Before that he used starched bandages for fractures. Pirogov used the rigid plaster bandage for the commencement time in the Caucasian War every bit early as in 1847. During the heroic defence of Sevastopol in 1854 – 1855, working at field hospitals and under beat out burn, Pirogov extensively employed the gypsum bandage and resection of joints instead of jerky amputations. The rigid plaster cast is the pride of Russian surgery.
The great surgeon was too the initiator of the extensive utilise of anesthesia during operations. When elsewhere in Europe anesthesia was still a secret of individual doctors Pirogov was already engaged in large – scale scientific experiments on painless operations.
In 1847 in the Caucasus and in 1855 in Sevastopol, Pirogov performed 10,000 operations under anesthesia. Pirogov was the outset to use ether in removing cancer of the mammary gland. He demonstrated to the entire enlighten world non only the possibility but also, the indisputable value of using ether for operations on the wounded on the field of boxing. Henceforth the ether appliance was equally indispensable as the surgeon's pocketknife to every medical man.
Pirogov's activity played a great office in the history of antiseptic and asepsis. He was the first to use iodine solution. He underlined the necessity of hygienic measures in treating patients.
Pirogov died in 1881. Pirogov's torso was embalmed according to his reception and wish. Information technology is kept in burial vault not far from his business firm – museum Vishenky".
The first street named afterward the slap-up Russian doctor N.I.Pirogov appeared in Moscow in 1919.St.Petersburg'south surgical community, Second Moscow and Odessa Medical Institutes were named after Pirogov. Everybody can encounter a monument to Pirogov in front end of the Commencement Medical Establish in Pirogov Street. There is Pirogov's portrait by I. Due east. Repin in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.
Questions
1. When and where was Pirogov N.I. born?
2. When did Pirogov N.I. enter Moscow Academy?
3. When did he become a professor?
4. Who is Pirogov Northward.I.?
5. What is the purpose of Pirogov`southward life?
vi. When did Pirogov use the rigid plaster for the first time?
7. Is the rigid plaster the pride of Russian surgery?
8. Was Pirogov N.I. the initiator of the extensive utilize of anesthesia during operations?
nine. How many operations under anesthesia did Pirogov N.I. perform in Sevastopol in 1855 and in the Caucasus in 1847?
10. What is Pirogov's role in the history of antiseptic and asepsis?
xi. Did he underline the necessity of aseptic measures in treating patients?
12. When did Pirogov Northward.I. die?
13. Where is his body kept?
14. Are there institutes and communities named after Pirogov N.I.?
Exercises
ane. Найти в тексте соответствующие предложения на английском языке
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Source: http://medlanguage.ru/?page=teksty&id_sotr=4
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